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1

Under Section 45 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, which of the following correctly describes one of the legally recognized modes of abetment?

A

Instigating any person to do a thing
B

Merely having knowledge that an offence may occur
C

Being present at the scene without participation
D

Failing to report a crime

2

A intentionally provokes B by persistent persuasion to burn C's warehouse and B commits the act. Under Section 45 BNS, A is liable because:

A

He instigated the commission of the offence
B

He was present at the crime scene
C

He financially benefited from the act
D

He had prior knowledge of the act

3

Which of the following situations best illustrates abetment by conspiracy under Section 45 BNS?

A

Two persons agree to commit theft but take no steps afterwards
B

Two persons agree to commit theft and one purchases tools for breaking locks
C

Two persons merely discuss the possibility of theft casually
D

A person silently approves another’s criminal intention

4

Under Section 46 BNS, who among the following may legally qualify as an abettor?

A

A person who instigates another to commit an offence
B

A person who accidentally witnesses a crime
C

A police officer investigating a crime
D

A person who refuses to help a victim

5

A public servant intentionally conceals documents necessary to prevent an offence, thereby facilitating its commission. Under Section 45, this amounts to:

A

Abetment by intentional aid
B

Abetment by conspiracy
C

No abetment unless he shares criminal intention
D

Mere negligence

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